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Exploring Health Inequalities Experienced by People with Disabilities in Nigeria

Background 

Nigeria’s population is the largest in Africa, and its residents exhibit various abilities and disabilities. This statistic is mirrored in Nigeria, as the World Health Organisation estimates that 16% of the global population has some form of disability. Congenital defects, incurred traumas, and chronic diseases are the sources of disabilities in Nigeria. Injury from accidents and inadequate safety measures also significantly contribute to congenital disabilities, which encompass a wide range of physical limitations and developmental anomalies. Chronic health conditions, including cerebral palsy, polio, and vision impairments, further diversify the disability landscape in Nigeria. 


The objective of the investigation was to investigate the health disparities that individuals with disabilities encounter in Nigeria, with a particular emphasis on the obstacles to healthcare utilisation and accessibility. The study aimed to synthesise and analyse their experiences concerning medical access, utilisation, and outcomes. Furthermore, it investigated how health disparities among these individuals are influenced by disability and other variables. Ultimately, the research sought to offer evidence-based recommendations for medical policy and legislators to resolve health inequities within the Nigerian population. 

Summary of Findings

Socioeconomic Barriers and Needs of People with Disabilities 

Housing, transportation, marriage, public services, employment, and education are all areas disabled individuals encounter substantial obstacles. The absence of accessible housing and financial constraints that obstruct the provision of essential accommodations. Ramps and lifts are frequently absent from government and private housing. Participants expressed dissatisfaction with the absence of accessible infrastructure and support, emphasising the necessity of comprehensive legislative reforms.

Mental Health and Emotional Well-being of Patients 

Emotional and mental health challenges are prevalent among individuals with disabilities. Due to societal stigma and rejection, lymphatic filariasis (LF) patients experience despondency, frustration, and suicidal ideation. The necessity for enhanced mental health support and anti-stigma initiatives was underscored by the frequent mention of feelings of demoralisation, wrath, and sorrow by participants.

Access to Healthcare and Treatment Challenges 

Individuals with disabilities continue to encounter substantial obstacles when it comes to obtaining healthcare. Timely glaucoma treatment is impeded by factors such as inadequate awareness and inadequate medical facilities. The necessity for enhanced healthcare accessibility and patient education was underscored by the frequent reports of delays in receiving accurate diagnoses and appropriate care by participants. The maintenance of treatment adherence is contingent upon the presence of support systems, such as family and counselling.

Conclusion and Recommendations

The results emphasise the pressing necessity for policy reforms to mitigate the structural obstacles encountered by disabled individuals in Nigeria. Policymakers must prioritise developing and enforcing policies that guarantee improved accessibility to accommodation, transportation, education, and the workplace. Healthcare systems must adopt more inclusive practices to enhance treatment adherence and outcomes, including promoting patient education and support structures. To safeguard disabled individuals from stigma and discrimination, it is imperative to implement a rights-based mental health care approach. Social inclusion initiatives should ensure that all individuals have the opportunity to participate by addressing personal, societal, and systemic barriers. Stakeholders can promote a more inclusive society that improves the well-being and dignity of disabled individuals, thereby reducing health inequalities, by addressing these challenges. This research establishes a strong foundation for future research designed to enhance the quality of life for individuals with disabilities in Nigeria.

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References

Abdulmalik, J., Nwefoh, E., Obindo, J., Dakwak, S., Ayobola, M., Umaru, J., Samuel, E., Ogoshi, C. and Eaton, J., (2018). Emotional difficulties and experiences of stigma among persons with lymphatic filariasis in Plateau State, Nigeria. Health and human rights, 20(1), p.27.

Adeworan, A., (2019). The realities of living with disability in Ibadan, Nigeria: An ethnographic study.

Balogun, J.A., (2022). The Plight of Persons Living with Disabilities: The Visible Invisibles in Nigeria. In The Nigerian Healthcare System: Pathway to Universal and High-Quality Health Care (pp. 277-297). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Eleweke, C.J. and Ebenso, J., (2016). Barriers to accessing services by people with disabilities in Nigeria: Insights from a qualitative study. Journal of Educational and Social Research.

Etieyibo, E. and Omiegbe, O., (2017). Disabilities in Nigeria: Attitudes, reactions, and remediation. Rowman & Littlefield.

Haruna, M.A., (2017). The problems of living with disability in Nigeria. JL Pol’y & Globalization, 65, p.103.

Iwuagwu, A., Okah, P., Nnama-Okechukwu, C., Chukwu, N., Agha, A., Anazonwu, N., Onalu, C. and Okoye, U., (2023). Barriers to Social Inclusion among Older Adults with Disabilities in Imo State, Nigeria: A Descriptive Phenomenological Inquiry. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 25(1). 

Kyari, F., Chandler, C.I., Martin, M. and Gilbert, C.E., (2016). So let me find my way, whatever it will cost me, rather than leaving myself in darkness: experiences of glaucoma in Nigeria. Global health action, 9(1), p.31886.

Pius, S., Yenti, M., Wabada, S., Ibrahim, H.A., Bukar, M.A., Kullima, A.A., Dada, B.J. and Bello, M., (2018). Congenital birth defects, its incidence and management challenges in a poor resource health facility: A scenario from North-Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 5(2), pp.44-49.

World Health Organization. (2023). Disability and health. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health

Market Research and Strategic Management Expert

David Olanrewaju Akisanmi (BSc, MBA)

David Olanrewaju Akisanmi is a seasoned professional with over a decade of experience in market research, finance, and strategic management. He plays a pivotal role in driving informed decision-making, growth, and success for organizations navigating today’s complex market landscape.

David holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from Olabisi Onabanjo University and a Master of Business Administration in Finance from Cardiff Metropolitan University. His academic background is complemented by his professional affiliations as an Associate Member of the Institute of Strategic Management, Nigeria, and as an Ambassador for Peace with the World Institute for Peace.

Throughout his career, David has successfully led marketing initiatives and provided strategic consulting across various industries. His notable roles include being a Marketing Manager at Shatoshen Nigeria Limited, where David developed and executed comprehensive marketing strategies that significantly boosted brand growth and enhanced customer engagement. Also, as a Chief Consultant at McBravo Consult International, David provided expert guidance on market research, helping businesses make data-driven decisions and achieve their strategic goals.

At VertexE Hub, David leverages his extensive experience and expertise to contribute to the organization’s mission of transforming public health through data-driven insights and innovative strategies. His ability to bridge market research with strategic management makes him an invaluable asset to the VertexE Hub team.

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Deputy Board Chair

Femi Fajolu

Femi Fajolu, the Deputy Chair for the Board of Directors at VertexE Hub, brings a wealth of legal expertise and strategic insight to our organization. As the Managing Partner at G.O. Sodipo & Co, he has an extensive background in Corporate and Commercial law, Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment law, and more.

Femi’s contributions extend beyond his legal practice. He has worked with the United States Department of Commerce on Intellectual Property Rights and Government Ethics and has played a key role in advising the Federal Government on the intellectual property regime and compliance with international agreements like TRIPPS/WTO.

His involvement in various national and international seminars and workshops underscores his commitment to advancing the legal landscape in Nigeria and beyond.

At VertexE Hub, Femi’s leadership and expertise are invaluable as we navigate the complexities of public health, technology, and data-driven innovation. His experience in law, finance, and intellectual property helps us to ensure that our strategies are not only effective but also legally sound and ethically robust. We are proud to have Femi as a key part of our leadership team, guiding VertexE Hub toward a future of impactful change.

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Technology and Innovation Officer

Jeremiah Unyime Etuk BSc (Hons)

A graduate of Information Technology and Business Information Systems from Middlesex University UK, Jeremiah has honed a diverse skill set that seamlessly bridges technology and business solutions. As a Level 3 Certified Anaplan Model Builder, he excels in leveraging this leading cloud-based (SaaS) business planning application to drive strategic insights and planning efficiency. His expertise lies in providing innovative IT solutions and constructing robust financial models, ensuring complex challenges are met with effective and efficient solutions through his analytical prowess and leadership.

His passion for creative and academic writing and research is seamlessly integrated into his professional journey, allowing him to deliver well-rounded and thoroughly researched projects. This blend of technical expertise, creative insight, and strategic leadership defines his professional identity, driving him to continually push the boundaries of what technology and business can achieve together.


Currently, he is working with VertexE Hub, where he contributes to shaping innovative solutions in the field of public health through data-driven insights and technology. His multifaceted skills and entrepreneurial spirit enable him to thrive in dynamic environments, always seeking to create impactful and transformative results. This combination of diverse expertise and a passion for research and innovation allows him to approach each challenge with a unique perspective, continually striving to make a meaningful impact in the fields of technology, business, and beyond.

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Research & Project Consultant

Micheal Falade (B.SC., MPH)

Michael Falade is an accomplished international development researcher, evaluation professional, and data analyst with over a decade of extensive experience working on various projects funded by the the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office and other international and local organizations. His expertise spans policy-centered issues and interventions, particularly focusing on public health, agriculture, and other social challenges, as well as the evaluation of development interventions.


Michael’s skill set includes experience in social marketing, where he has effectively helped products and services perform better in the marketplace. This unique combination of skills enables him to design and implement strategies that enhance both the impact and reach of various initiatives.

He holds a Master’s degree in public health and has obtained multiple certifications in research methods, data management, and evaluation, underscoring his commitment to professional development and excellence in his field.

 

Early in his career, Michael served as a public policy analyst and research associate at a Lagos-based public policy think tank, where he honed his analytical skills and gained valuable insights into policy development and implementation. His dedication to advancing knowledge and driving positive change has been a consistent theme throughout his career.

 

Currently, Michael is channeling his wealth of experience and expertise into the VertexE Hub team, contributing to the organization’s mission. He is also bringing his social marketing research skills to help businesses improve their products and services. His contributions are instrumental in shaping VertexE Hub’s research initiatives and supporting its goal of empowering communities through informed decision-making and cutting-edge health consultancy.

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Board Member

Fausiat Modupe Balogun

Fausiat Modupe Balogun is a distinguished professional with over a decade of expertise in public health, communications, and digital media. She holds a Master of Arts in Social Justice and Public Service from St Mary’s University, Twickenham, and a Master of Public Health from the University of Ibadan, complemented by a Bachelor of Science in Microbiology from Fountain University, Osogbo.


In her current role as a Project Support Officer at Kent and Medway NHS & Social Care Partnership Trust, Modupe excels in project management and strategic planning. Previously, as the Country Social Media Engagement Coordinator at Society for Family Health International, she led research and development initiatives, designed and implemented impactful social media campaigns, and contributed to projects for the Center for Johns Hopkins University, the Children Investment Fund Foundation, and UNICEF.

Modupe’s professional journey includes her tenure as a Program Officer at Development Communications Network, where she coordinated health communication and education projects. She has also served as a Gender Advocate for UN Women and a Social Media Coordinator for Adenydd, demonstrating her leadership in advocacy and digital strategy.


Her volunteer efforts with The ONE Campaign and Hestia Charity underscore her commitment to public health and social justice. Modupe’s diverse skill set and comprehensive educational background make her a valuable asset to the Board of Directors at VertexE Hub, Nigeria. She aims to leverage her expertise in research, development, and digital engagement to advance the organization’s mission and vision.

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Board Chair

Dr Leo Akin Odutola

Dr. Leo Odutola: A Visionary Artificial Intelligence (AI) Architect and Cloud Expert
Dr. Leo Odutola is a distinguished professional with a wealth of experience across various domains, including cloud technologies, enterprise architecture, big data, and system integration. As the Board Chair for Vertex E-Hub, he leads strategic initiatives aimed at transforming public health through innovative technology and data-driven insights.

Here are the key highlights of Leo’s expertise:
Cloud Platforms: Dr. Leo possesses a profound understanding of cloud platforms, including AWS, Azure, and GCP. His expertise as an AI, Enterprise, System, Solutions, Integration, and Data Analytics Architect allows him to design and implement cutting-edge data strategies that drive organizational success.

Technical Prowess: His technical prowess is demonstrated through extensive experience in data warehouse design and development on platforms such as IBM AIX, SUN Solaris, DEC, and HP.
He has a strong background in large-scale AIX high-availability design, having implemented AIX versions 3, 4.x, 5.x, 6.x, and 7.x, as well as Linux systems (RHEL and SLES).


Dr. Leo’s work with IBM pSeries Servers’ hardware, including implementing and administering HACMP, IBM Virtualization and Provisioning, and customizing IBM DS8800, showcases his comprehensive technical capabilities.

Database Expertise: Dr. Leo’s expertise extends to big data technologies, including Hadoop, Hortonworks HDP, Cloudera CHD, MapR, MongoDB, Cassandra, CouchBase, Scala, and Python.
Certifications and Continuous Learning:He holds certifications in Data Science Methodology, Naturla Language Processing (NLP) Spark, MapReduce Programming, Python, NoSQL & DBaaS, emphasizing his commitment to staying current in a rapidly evolving field.

Virtualization and Disaster Recovery: He excels in disaster recovery and backup solutions, having designed and installed Tivoli Storage Manager and administered Symantec NetBackup across multiple platforms.

Enterprise Architecture and ETL: His knowledge of enterprise architecture frameworks (RUP, UML, EAP, TOGAF, Microservices, and SOA) complements his proficiency in ETL tools like Informatica PowerCenter and DataStage.

Dr. Leo’s experience with ERP systems (SAP, Lawson, PeopleSoft) and data warehouse design (Teradata, Exadata) further enhances his capabilities.
Diverse Roles and Impactful Positions:Certified as an AIX and Solaris System Administrator and in MQ Series, Dr. Leo has held roles such as Solution Architect at IBM, Assistant Professor at the University of the People, and Big Data Architect at John Hancock Financial Services.

His contributions span esteemed organizations, including NYS Office of Information Technology Services, Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey, MajescoMastek, GBM – IBM (Dubai), Shire Pharmaceuticals, Grantham University, US Cellular, Mayo Clinic, and McDonald’s Corporation.

 

In summary, Dr. Leo Odutola’s extensive background, combined with his leadership role at Vertex E-Hub, positions him as an invaluable asset to any organization seeking to leverage advanced data and technology solutions for innovation and strategic success.

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Technology Integration Specialist

Ememobong Bob (B.SC)

Ememobong Bob is a distinguished graduate of Information Technology and Business Information Systems from Middlesex University. With a strong foundation in both technology and business, Ememobong is equipped with a comprehensive understanding of how these fields intersect and complement each other. This unique combination of skills positions her well for roles that require both technical expertise and business acumen.


Currently, Ememobong is bringing her expertise and years of experience to VertexE Hub, where she is making significant contributions as a key member of the team.

Her role at VertexE Hub allows her to apply her knowledge and skills in a dynamic and impactful way, driving forward the organization’s mission and objectives.


Ememobong’s passion for reading, researching, and writing underscores her commitment to continuous learning and personal growth. She is constantly seeking to expand her knowledge base and stay updated with the latest trends and developments in her field. Her love for research enables her to delve deep into subjects, uncovering insights and information that drive informed decision-making and innovative solutions.

An optimist by nature, Ememobong approaches life with a positive outlook and a can-do attitude. This optimism fuels her resilience and determination, allowing her to navigate challenges and setbacks with grace and confidence. She believes in the power of a positive mindset to overcome obstacles and achieve success.


Driven by the happenings in her environment, Ememobong is highly attuned to the world around her. She draws inspiration from current events, societal trends, and technological advancements, leveraging this awareness to inform her work and personal endeavors. This keen sense of observation and engagement with her surroundings ensures that she remains relevant and adaptable in an ever-changing landscape.

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Accountant

Fatimo Omolara Akinyandenu (HND)

Fatimo Omolara Akinyandenu is a dedicated and highly skilled accountant with a proven track record of meeting company goals through the utilization of international standards and organized practices. With a robust ability to adapt to fast-paced environments and tackle challenges, she consistently enhances organizational objectives. Her areas of expertise include accounting and tax management, business case management, invoicing, payment and payroll management, management accounting, contract negotiation and vendor management, corporate administration and management, documentation control and archiving, operation support services, account reconciliation, and staff onboarding and training.

Fatimo currently serves as an accountant at VertexE Hub, where she brings her extensive expertise and years of experience. She plays a pivotal role in managing the company’s financial operations and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards.


Before her role as an Account Executive, Fatimo served as an Assistant Accountant at Global Outdoor Systems in Lagos. She managed administration, filing, and recording, supported the sales and operations department, handled petty cash management and reconciliation, raised cheques and processed approvals, followed up with headquarters on cheque authorizations, processed petty cash journals, and ensured timely petty cash reimbursement.


Fatimo’s educational background includes a Higher National Diploma in Accountancy from Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Ogun State, Nigeria and an Ordinary National Diploma in Accountancy from Lagos City Polytechnic, Lagos State, Nigeria.


She holds several professional certificates, including a certificate in Human Resources Management from Classic Infotech Limited, affiliated with the Federal University of Technology, Akure, a diploma in Desktop Publishing from Data Computer College, Sango, Ogun State, and certifications in Cloudvisual software from Multisoft Consulting and Data and Business Intelligence Analysis from Advance Career, UK. She is also pursuing certification from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN).

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Professional Speaker and Trainer

Philomina Ogechukwukanma Ojini (B.SC)

Philomina is a dynamic speaker and trainer passionate about empowering individuals and communities to achieve optimal well-being. With a strong foundation in computer science, which she earned a BSc in from Olabisi Onabanjo University, as well as extensive training in mental health (Levels 1-3) and environmental health and safety, she drives positive change in her current role at VertexE Hub. VertexE Hub is a research organization focused on improving public health through data-driven insights and innovative technology, where Philomina contributes as a professional speaker and trainer.

 

Philomina’s expertise spans transformational leadership, public speaking, training and development, mental health awareness, health technology, environmental health, and safety. 

She has trained over 250 small businesses in entrepreneurship and digital skills since 2017, and she has also collaborated with NGOs between 2017 and 2018, establishing her own consultancy during this period.

As a Verified Digital Facilitator with La Plage Metaverse and a graduate of the IFC Mini MBA through the Access Bank Womenpreneur Pitchathon, Philomina has a robust background in digital facilitation and business management. She is also the CEO of Sephil Cleaners Enterprise, a leading hygiene industry in Lagos, Nigeria, and serves as a volunteer mentor at the School of Purpose and Influence (SPIN).


Currently, Philomina focuses on her role at VertexE Hub, where she leverages her diverse expertise to educate communities and promote data-driven decision-making for better health outcomes. Her special emphasis on environmental health and safety ensures that her work not only addresses immediate health concerns but also fosters sustainable, long-term improvements in public health.

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Public Health Consultant

Ekikere Smart (B.Sc., MPH)

Ekikere Smart is a public health consultant at VertexE Hub, dedicated to protecting public health and safety, delivering effective healthcare services, and adhering to the highest ethical standards. She seeks job satisfaction in a collaborative environment that offers growth opportunities, and she brings 15 years of extensive experience to VertexE Hub.

Ekikere holds a Master’s degree in Public Health (Field Epidemiology) from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, and a Bachelor of Science degree in Human Anatomy from the University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

Ekikere has undergone extensive training in areas such as data collection, peer education, advocacy, budget tracking, communication, supportive supervision, and various health campaigns. These trainings were conducted by renowned organizations including WHO, UNICEF, Pathfinder International, and DAI.

Her expertise includes conducting comprehensive public health research, developing evidence-based seminar and workshop materials, and facilitating educational sessions for diverse audiences. She has successfully conducted community health assessments and produced reports on chronic disease management.

Ekikere has served as a Data Consultant for DAI, working on the YPE4AH project funded by USAID. Her responsibilities included managing data collection, validation, and ensuring data quality for programmatic decision-making. She has also worked as a Data Consultant for the Population Council on the IntegratE project co-funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and MSD. Additionally, she has served as a State Surveyor for the World Health Organization and has experience as a Tutor in Human Anatomy at the School of Nursing and Midwifery in Gombe State, Nigeria.

Ekikere is the founder of ELSI, an NGO that significantly enhances general health outcomes for children, educates women and communities about health concerns, nutrition, and hygiene, and collects data for the assessment of the health concerns of the communities they serve.

Ekikere Smart’s extensive background in public health, coupled with her dedication to ethical practices and continuous professional development, makes her a valuable asset in the field of healthcare consultancy. Her commitment to improving public health outcomes through evidence-based practices and her passion for community health education underscore her contributions to VertexE Hub

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Data Analyst

Deborah Fajobi (Ph.D)

Deborah is a professional data analyst with a dedicated passion for transforming complex data into actionable insights. With ten years of experience in analyzing and interpreting data using various statistical methods, she provides new ideas and makes policy recommendations for industries across different sectors. Deborah holds a PhD and a Master of Technology in Agricultural Economics from the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology in Nigeria, where she also earned her Bachelor of Technology in Agricultural Economics and Extension.

Deborah is proficient in data extraction and manipulation, utilizing tools such as Microsoft Excel, SPSS, R, Eviews, and STATA for statistical modeling. She excels in advanced data visualization techniques using Tableau and Power BI. Her expertise includes regression analysis, clustering algorithms, time series forecasting, and sentiment analysis, which she employs to solve complex problems and extract valuable insights from large datasets. Deborah is committed to delivering high-quality analyses that contribute to organizational success.


In addition to her data analysis prowess, Deborah has significant experience in blended learning solutions, methodologies, and state-of-the-art Learning Management Systems (LMS). She integrates these skills to design and implement effective educational programs that combine traditional teaching methods with digital and online resources. This approach enhances learner engagement, personalizes learning experiences, and improves overall educational outcomes.

 

Beyond her role as a data analyst, Deborah is a passionate advocate for knowledge sharing and inspiring younger generations about data analysis. She frequently contributes to industry forums, conferences, and academic publications, sharing her insights on best practices in data-driven decision-making, the role of analytics in digital transformation, and strategies for harnessing the power of data to drive innovation and competitive advantage.

 

Deborah’s creative use of data analysis has significantly impacted both business success and social progress throughout her illustrious career. In the business realm, she has collaborated with various companies to develop data-driven strategies that optimize resource utilization, reduce operational risks, and enhance customer engagement. Her work has been pivotal in increasing sales, improving operational efficiency, and fostering a data-driven decision-making mindset, enabling businesses to adapt and thrive in a rapidly changing market.

 

Deborah’s dedication to excellence and her innovative approach to data analysis continue to drive positive outcomes for organizations and communities alike. Her expertise in blended learning further underscores her commitment to advancing education through the integration of technology and traditional teaching methods, ensuring that learners are well-equipped for the challenges of the future.

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Program Director

Rebecca Onwumere (B.SC., MPH)

Rebecca Onwumere is an experienced and passionate health educator dedicated to improving human life, empowerment, mental health, healthcare management, and research. With a B.Sc. double honor in Health Education from the University of Maiduguri and a Master’s in Public Health from Teesside University in the UK, Rebecca has cultivated a strong academic and professional foundation in her field.

 

Rebecca’s professional journey includes her role as a Public Health Research Intern at Teesside University. During this time, she collaborated closely with a renowned lecturer and fellow research students to publish a journal on the barriers to accessing NHS Health Checks within BAME (Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic) communities. 

She utilized research design frameworks to gather, analyze, and present results, ensuring timely research presentation and submission in weekly team meetings.

 

Currently serving as the Program Director at VertexeE Hub, Rebecca continues to lead initiatives that align with her passion for health and wellness. Her commitment to supporting vulnerable populations is evident in her work with the British Red Cross. In this role, she supported refugees, asylum seekers, and vulnerable immigrants in adjusting to life in a new country, offering advice on accessing services, providing emotional support, and assisting with life skills workshops.

 

Rebecca’s previous experience includes her tenure as a Health Educator at El-Shaddai Life Support Initiative. Here, she promoted individual and community health by educating women on healthcare services, reproductive health, and family health issues, while also providing informal counseling and social support. Additionally, she organized poverty alleviation programs, distributing relief items such as food and clothing to those in need.

 

Rebecca Onwumere’s comprehensive background and unwavering dedication to health education and support services position her as a valuable asset to VertexE Hub committed to improving community health and well-being.

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